India

People

India is the world’s second most populous nation, after China. Its ethnic composition is complex, but two major strains predominate: the Aryan, in the north, and the Dravidian, in the south. India is the birthplace of four of the world’s major religions; namely Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism.

Language

India is a land of great cultural diversity, as is evidenced by the enormous number of different languages spoken throughout the country. Hindi and English are the official languages, and more than 1,500 languages and dialects are spoken. The Indian constitution recognizes 15 regional languages (Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu).

History

The History of India begins with the birth of the Indus Valley Civilization in Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa, and Lothal, and the coming of the Aryans. These two phases are usually described as the pre-Vedic and Vedic periods. It is in the Vedic period that Hinduism first arose: this is the time to which the Vedas are dated.

In the fifth century, large parts of India were united under Ashoka. He also converted to Buddhism, and it is in his reign that Buddhism spread to other parts of Asia. It is in the reign of the Mauryas that Hinduism took the shape that it has today.

Islam first came to India in the eighth century, and by the 11th century had firmly established itself in India as a political force; the North Indian dynasties of the Lodhis, Tughlaqs, and numerous others, whose remains are visible in Delhi and scattered elsewhere around North India, were finally succeeded by the Mughal empire, under which India once again achieved a large measure of political unity.

The European presence in India dates to the seventeenth century and it is in the latter part of this century that the Mughal Empire began to disintegrate, paving the way for regional states. In the contest for supremacy, the English emerged ‘victors’, their rule marked by the conquests at the battlefields of Plassey and Buxar.

The Rebellion of 1857-58, which sought to restore Indian supremacy, was crushed; and with the subsequent crowning of Victoria as Empress of India, the incorporation of India into the empire was complete. Successive campaigns had the effect of driving the British out of India in 1947.

Currency

The currency used in India is the rupee, which is divided into 100 paise.

Rupees are available in the following denominations: Coins: 5, 10, 20, 25, and 50 paise and Rs 1, 2, and 5.
Notes: Rs 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500, and 1000.
One lakh is Rs 100,000, written 1,00,000. One crore is Rs 10,000,000, written 1,00,00,000.

Weather

The best time to visit most of the country is during the cool, dry season, between November and April. The heat of the south is never less than intense but it becomes uncomfortable in May and June. From this time onwards, the Himalayas grow more accessible, and the trekking season reaches its peak in August through October while the rest of the subcontinent is experiencing the rains.

Health Requirements

There is no risk of yellow fever in India. The government of India requires proof of yellow fever vaccination only if you are arriving from a country with risk of yellow fever, which does not include the US.

Please talk to your travel clinic doctor about how to prevent malaria while traveling. You may prefer to take prescription medicine to prevent malaria, especially if you are visiting low-altitude areas. Malaria medication is not required.

Visa Requirements

US citizens are eligible for an e-Tourist Visa if the sole objective of visiting India is recreation, sightseeing, casual visit to meet friends or relatives, short duration medical treatment or casual business visit etc. and no other purpose/ activity.

Current cost is 60usd.The link to the eVisa application is:
https://indianvisaonline.gov.in/visa/tvoa.html

Tipping & Porterage

Tipping is expected and appreciated. a porter who carries your bags to the room a 50-100 Rupee tip is fine. A similar amount is OK for the people who come and clean your room. But be alert to the ‘scam’(although it is very small time and more amusing than annoying in most cases) where the items you require appear one by one by one (towels, toilet paper etc), with each trip from the room staff (supposedly) warranting another tip! For this reason please do not over tip.

In restaurants work on 10% of the total bill as a reasonable tip- there is no set amount as is the case in other countries.

At the end of your trip (or each sector) it is customary to tip your driver. As a suggestion, 500-1000 rupees per day is a reasonable tip for the driver, but the amount is totally up to you. (This is from the whole party, not per person). This is just a general guideline for you as there is no set amount to specify. It is purely your decision depending up on your driver’s service to you, willingness shown to you during the tour to go the extra mile in serving you.

For guides, a tip of 200-500 rupees at the conclusion of the service is reasonable, although the higher end of the scale should only apply if you feel they have done a particularly good job.

Credit Cards

Visa and Mastercard are widely accepted, American Express less so.  Cash is needed for shopping at street markets.  ATMs are easy to locate in major towns and cities.

Electrical Appliances

India plug type:  C, D, M

Residential voltage: 230 V

Frequency:  50 Hz

Water

Bottled water is recommended for drinking, and is widely available.